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1996-06-01
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TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
NAME
TiMidity - MIDI to WAVE converter and player
SYNOPSIS
timidity [-options] filename [filenames ...]
DESCRIPTION
TiMidity is a MIDI to WAVE converter using Gravis Ultra¡
sound-compatible patch files to generate digital audio
data from General MIDI files. The data can be stored in a
file for processing, or played in real time through an
audio device.
OPTIONS
The following command line options are accepted by version
0.2i of TiMidity:
-o filename
Place output on filename, which may be a file,
device, or HP-UX audio server, depending on the
output mode selected with the -O option. The spe¡
cial filename ``-'' causes output to be placed on
stdout.
-O mode
Selects the output mode from the compiled-in alter¡
natives. mode must begin with one of the supported
output mode identifiers. Run TiMidity with the -h
option to see a list. The following identifiers
should be available in all versions:
-Or Generate raw waveform data. All format
options are supported. Common formats
include:
-OrU uLaw
-Or1sl 16-bit signed linear PCM
-Or8ul 8-bit unsigned linear PCM
-Ow Generate RIFF WAVE format output. If output
is directed to a non-seekable file, or if
TiMidity is interrupted before closing the
file, the file header will contain
0xFFFFFFFF in the RIFF and data block length
fields. The popular sound conversion util¡
ity sox is able to read such malformed
files, so you can pipe data directly to sox
for on-the-fly conversion to other formats.
8 Sep 1995 1
TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
Format options
Option characters may be added immediately
after the mode identifier to change the out¡
put format. The following options are rec¡
ognized:
8 8-bit sample width
1 16-bit sample width
l Linear encoding
U uLaw (8-bit) encoding
M Monophonic
S Stereo
s Signed output
u Unsigned output
x Byte-swapped output
Note that some options have no effect on some
modes. For example, you cannot generate a byte-
swapped RIFF WAVE file, or force uLaw output on a
Linux PCM device.
-s frequency
Sets the resampling frequency. Not all sound
devices are capable of all frequencies -- an
approximate frequency may be selected, depending on
the implementation.
-a Turns on antialiasing. Samples are run through a
lowpass filter before playing, which reduces alias¡
ing noise at low resampling frequencies.
-f Toggles fast envelopes. Some MIDI files sound bet¡
ter when notes decay slower -- it gives the impres¡
sion of reverb, which TiMidity doesn't currently
support.
-e Make TiMidity evil. On Win32 version, this
increases the task priority by one. It can give
better playback when you switch tasks at the
expense of slowing all other tasks down.
-p voices
Sets polyphony (maximum number of simultaneous
voices) to voices.
8 Sep 1995 2
TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
-A amplification
Multiplies the master volume by amplification%.
-C ratio
Sets the ratio of sampling and control frequencies.
This determines how often envelopes are recalcu¡
lated -- small ratios yield better quality but use
more CPU time.
-L directory
Adds directory to the library path. Patch, config¡
uration, and MIDI files are searched along this
path. Directories added last will be searched
first. Note that the current directory is always
searched first before the library path.
-c file
Reads an extra configuration file.
-I number
Uses the program number as the default instrument.
Any Program Change events in MIDI files will over¡
ride this option.
-P file
Uses the patch file for every program except drums.
Program Change events will be ignored. This is
useful for testing new patches.
-D channel
Marks channel as a drum channel. If channel is
negative, channel -channel is marked as an instru¡
mental channel. If channel is 0, all channels are
marked as instrumental.
-Q channel
Causes channel to be quiet. If channel is nega¡
tive, channel -channel is turned back on. If chan¡
nel is 0, all channels are turned on.
-F Turns on fast panning to accommodate MIDI pieces
that expect panning adjustments to affect notes
that are already playing. Some files that don't
expect this have a habit of flipping balance
rapidly between left and right, which can cause
severe popping when the -F flag is used.
-U Instructs TiMidity to unload all instruments from
memory between MIDI files. This can reduce memory
requirements when playing many files in succession.
-i interface
Selects the user interface from the compiled-in
alternatives. interface must begin with one of the
8 Sep 1995 3
TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
supported interface identifiers. Run TiMidity with
the -h option to see a list. The following identi¡
fiers may be available:
-id The dumb interface -- plays files in
sequence, prints messages according to ver¡
bosity level. The trace mode shows the cur¡
rent and total playing time.
-im The motif interface -- X Window interactive
interface.
-ik The Tcl/Tk interface -- X Window interactive
interface.
-in The ncurses full-screen interface with
interactive controls.
-is The S-Lang full-screen interface with inter¡
active controls.
Interface options
Option characters may be added immediately
after the interface identifier. The follow¡
ing options are recognized:
v Increases verbosity. This option is
cumulative.
q Decreases verbosity. This option is
cumulative.
t Toggles trace mode. In trace mode,
TiMidity attempts to display its
current state in real time. For the
Linux sound driver, this is accom¡
plished through the use of short DMA
buffer fragments, which can be tuned
via the -B option.
-B fragments
For the Linux sound driver, selects the number of
buffer fragments in interactive mode. Increasing
the number of fragments may reduce choppiness when
many processes are running. It will make TiMidity
seem to respond sluggishly to fast forward, rewind,
and volume controls, and it will throw the status
display off sync. Specify a fragments of 0 to use
the maximum number of fragments available.
8 Sep 1995 4
TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
FILES
TiMidity looks for the configuration file timidity.cfg at
startup, before processing any options. If it can't be
accessed, and the library path is changed with a -L option
on the command line, then the default file will be sought
again along the new library path after processing all
options, unless another configuration file was specified
with the -c option.
Configuration files define the mapping of MIDI programs to
instrument files. Multiple files may be specified, and
statements in later ones will override earlier ones. The
following statements can be used in a configuration file:
dir directory
Adds directory to the search path in the same man¡
ner as the -L command line option.
source file
Reads another configuration file, then continues
processing the current one.
bank number
Selects the tone bank to modify. Patch mappings
that follow will affect this tone bank.
drumset number
Selects the drum set to modify. Patch mappings
that follow will affect this drum set.
number file [options]
Specifies that the the MIDI program number in the
current tone bank or drum set should be played
using the patch file. options may be any of the
following:
amp=amplification
Amplifies the instrument's volume by ampli¡
fication percent. If no value is specified,
one will be automatically determined when¡
ever the instrument is loaded.
note=note
Specifies a fixed MIDI note to use when
playing the instrument. If note is 0, the
instrument will be played at whatever note
the Note On event triggering it has. For
percussion instruments, if no value is spec¡
ified in the configuration file, the default
in the patch file will be used.
pan=panning
Sets the instrument's default panning. pan¡
ning may be left, right, center, or an
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TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
integer between -100 and 100, designating
full left and full right respectively. If
no value is specified, the default in the
patch file will be used. Note that panning
controls in MIDI files will override this
value.
keep={loop|env}
By default, percussion instruments have
their loop and envelope information
stripped. Strangely shaped envelopes are
removed automatically from melodic instru¡
ments as well. keep can be used to prevent
stripping envelope or loop data. For exam¡
ple, the Short and Long Whistle percussion
instruments (General Midi numbers 71 and 72)
need to have ``keep=loop keep=env'' speci¡
fied in the configuration file.
strip={loop|env|tail}
Force removal of loop or envelope informa¡
tion from all patches in the instrument, or
strip the tail, i.e. all data after the
loop. Some third-party instruments have
garbage after the loop, as evidenced by a
clicking noise whenever the instrument is
played, so adding the strip=tail option will
markedly improve sound quality.
NOTE: Whenever any filename ends in one of the compiled-in
compression identifiers, such as .gz, or .sht, TiMidity
will pipe the file through the appropriate decompressor.
MIDI files often compress very well, so the ability to
handle compressed files can be useful.
The special filename ``-'' can be used on the command line
to indicate that a MIDI file should be read from stdin.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1995 Tuukka Toivonen.
TiMidity is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
TiMidity is distributed in the hope that it will be use¡
ful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
details.
8 Sep 1995 6
TiMidity(1) TiMidity(1)
AVAILABILITY
The latest release is available on the TiMidity Home Page,
URL http://www.clinet.fi/~toivonen/timidity/.
BUGS
8-bit and low-rate output sounds worse than it should.
Eats more CPU time than a small CPU-time-eating animal.
AUTHORS
Tuukka Toivonen <toivonen@clinet.fi>
HP-UX audio code, X-Motif interface, icons and antialias¡
ing filter by Vincent Pagel <pagel@loria.fr>
Tcl/Tk interface by Takashi Iwai <iwai@dragon.mm.t.u-
tokyo.ac.jp>
Windows 95/NT audio code by Davide Moretti
<dmoretti@iper.net>
DEC audio code by Chi Ming HUNG
<cmhung@insti.physics.sunysb.edu>
S-Lang user interface by Riccardo Facchetti <ric¡
cardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it>
8 Sep 1995 7